What are ketones?

Ketones are byproducts produced when the body breaks down fat for energy, particularly during periods when glucose availability is low, such as in fasting, prolonged exercise, or carbohydrate-restricted diets. When the body's glycogen stores are depleted, it shifts to burning fat for energy. This process leads to the production of ketone bodies, which can then be utilized by various tissues, including the brain, as an alternative energy source.

The presence of ketones is an important metabolic adaptation that helps maintain energy levels when the primary source of fuel, carbohydrates, is scarce. This physiological response is particularly significant in certain dietary practices, such as ketogenic diets, where the focus is on enhancing fat utilization for energy.

Understanding the role of ketones is critical in contexts like diabetes management and nutrition, as elevated levels of ketones can indicate a shift in metabolism towards fat utilization, which may also have implications for blood sugar levels and overall energy balance.